退休金 vs 401(k) 比較計算機
比較確定給付退休金與 401(k) 的長期價值，計算損益平衡年份，找出哪種方案更划算。
退休收入比較
退休金累計給付 vs. 401(k) 提款總額與剩餘餘額。
| 年份 | 退休金累計 | 401(k) 已提款 | 401(k) 餘額 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 第 0 年 | $0 | $0 | $600,000 |
| 第 5 年 | $180,000 | $120,000 | $669,770 |
| 第 10 年 | $360,000 | $240,000 | $763,879 |
| 第 15 年 | $540,000 | $360,000 | $890,819 |
| 第 20 年 | $720,000 | $480,000 | $1,062,041 |
| 第 25 年 | $900,000 | $600,000 | $1,292,994 |
| 第 30 年 | $1,080,000 | $720,000 | $1,604,515 |
Pension Break-Even Analysis
The break-even age is when cumulative pension payments equal the lump sum value. If you live past this age, the pension "wins" in terms of total dollars received.
Example: $3,000/month pension vs. $500,000 lump sum at 6% return
| Year | Pension Total | 401k Value | |------|--------------|-----------| | 5 | $180,000 | $669,000 | | 10 | $360,000 | $895,000 | | 15 | $540,000 | $1,197,000 | | 20 | $720,000 | $1,601,000 | | 25 | $900,000 | $2,143,000 | | 30 | $1,080,000 | $2,867,000 |
*Note: 401(k) column assumes 4% annual withdrawal ($20,000/year) with 6% growth on remaining balance.*
At these numbers, the 401(k) lump sum provides substantially more wealth — but the pension guarantees income regardless of market performance.
When the Pension Wins
- You're in excellent health with family history of longevity (90+)
- You have no investment experience or discipline
- You want to minimize financial stress in retirement
- Your pension includes survivor benefits for a spouse
- The monthly benefit is inflation-adjusted (COLA)
When the 401(k) Wins
- You want to leave wealth to heirs (pension dies with you)
- You have other guaranteed income (Social Security, another pension)
- The lump sum can be invested at rates exceeding the pension's implied return
- You have health concerns that suggest shorter life expectancy
常見問題 (FAQ)
Q: Is a pension better than a 401(k)?
A: It depends on longevity, market returns, and your specific terms. Pensions provide guaranteed income you can't outlive and no investment risk. A 401(k) offers flexibility, inheritance potential, and better outcomes if investment returns are strong or you die early. The crossover point (where the pension's total value exceeds the lump sum) typically occurs around age 80–85.
Q: What is a pension lump sum vs monthly benefit?
A: Many pension plans offer a choice at retirement: take a monthly lifetime annuity (e.g., $3,000/month forever) or a one-time lump sum (e.g., $500,000). The lump sum can be rolled into an IRA for tax-deferred growth. Compare using a break-even age: if you expect to live well past the break-even, the monthly benefit is often better.
Q: How does inflation affect pensions?
A: Most private pensions are NOT adjusted for inflation — a $3,000/month pension in 2026 has the same nominal value in 2046, but buys roughly 45% less if inflation averages 2.5%. Government pensions (federal CSRS, military) typically include COLA adjustments. A 401(k) invested in equities has historically outpaced inflation over long periods.
Official Sources & Authority References
重要免責聲明
本計算機提供之結果僅供參考，不構成稅務、法律或財務建議。稅法每年調整，請於申報前到 IRS.gov 核實數據，或談詢具資格的稅務專業人員。
